American cranberry (proanthocyanidin 120 mg): its value for the prevention of urinary tracts infections after ureteral catheter placement.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most frequent complications after urinary tract surgical procedures, mainly when catheter placement is necessary. Although the use of American cranberry has been related with a reduced risk of UTI, there is no study reporting the value of its prevention effect against catheter-associated urinary tract infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective trial comparing UTI rate (positive urine culture) among 31 patients with double J catheter (JJ) and adding American cranberry (120 mg) in routine prophylactic therapy, and 31 patients with JJ catheter only receiving routine prophylactic therapy. RESULTS: Regarding general characteristics of the populations no significant difference among groups have been found. Only significant differences have been observed when the variables "cranberry treatment" and "dwell time of JJ catheter" were related. "Dwell time of JJ catheter" was higher in patients with UTI (35.9 compared 28.5 days [P=.03]). UTI percentage was lower in cranberry supplemented patient group (12.9 compared to 38.7% [P=.04]). CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that American cranberry (120 mg) has an adjuvant effect in the prevention of UTI in patients with JJ catheter after surgery.

Manejo de la ginecomastia en pacientes con cáncer de próstata y deprivación androgénica / Treatment of gynecomastia in patients with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation

Contexto: La ginecomastia, definida como una proliferación benigna de tejido glandular mamario, se presenta en el varón con una prevalencia entre el 32-72%. En el ámbito de la Urología se asocia a pacientes con cáncer de próstata y tratamiento hormonal, con una prevalencia del 15% en el caso de bloqueo hormonal completo y del 75% en monoterapia. Las diferentes opciones de tratamiento del cáncer de próstata han cambiado en las últimas décadas. Es por este motivo por lo que nos centramos en este tema para valorar las diferentes opciones terapéuticas de la ginecomastia causada por la manipulación hormonal en pacientes con cáncer de próstata. Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre las diferentes opciones terapéuticas en pacientes con cáncer de próstata que desarrollan ginecomastia por el uso de antiandrógenos no esteroideos, y generar un algoritmo de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Adquisición de evidencia: Mediante el uso de estrategia de búsqueda estructurada tipo paciente problema, intervención, comparación, outcome o resultado (PICO) en la base de datos de PubMed-Medline y de la Cochrane se llevó a cabo la identificación de estudios relevantes relacionados con el manejo de la ginecomastia en pacientes con CaP tratados con antiandrógenos no esteroideos. Síntesis de evidencia: Nos encontramos con 3 posibles opciones terapéuticas para el manejo de la ginecomastia y la mastodinia en pacientes que realizan tratamientos de deprivación hormonal para el cáncer de próstata. La radioterapia 10 Gy sería una opción para el tratamiento de la ginecomastia, aunque no todos los pacientes necesitan un tratamiento profiláctico, ya que solo el 50% refieren molestias moderadas-severas. Otra opción es el empleo de fármacos como tamoxifeno 20 mg/d que ocasiona una disminución importante de los efectos mamarios. Conclusiones: La ginecomastia y la mastodinia, dada su alta incidencia, hacen que la exploración física sea un arma fundamental para todos los pacientes antes de iniciar un tratamiento con antiandrógenos. El empleo de tamoxifeno 20 mg/d constituye la mejor opción para el tratamiento y la prevención de la ginecomastia y la mastodinia, mientras que en el caso de la ginecomastia establecida de larga evolución la cirugía es el patrón de oro

Context: Gynecomastia, defined as benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue has a prevalence of 32–72% in the male. In the urology setting, it is associated to patients with prostate cancer and hormone treatment with a prevalence of 15% in the case of complete hormone blockage and 75% in monotherapy. The different options of treatment in prostate cancer have changed in recent decades. Thus, we have focused on this subject to evaluate the different therapy options of hormone manipulation induced gynecomastia in prostate cancer patients. Objective: To synthesize the available evidence on the different therapeutic options in prostate cancer patients who develop gynecomastia due to the use of nonsteroidal antiandrogens and to generate a diagnostic algorithm and treatment. Acquisition of evidence: Using the PICO type structured search strategy (patient or problem, intervention, comparison, outcome or result) in the data bases of PubMed-Medline and Cochrane, identification was made of the relevant studies related to the treatment of gynecomastia in prostate cancer patients treated with nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis of evidence: We have found 3 possible therapeutic options for the treatment of gynecomastia and mastodynia in patients with hormone deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. The 10 Gy radiotherapy would be an option for the treatment of gynecomastia, although not all the patients need prophylactic treatment since only 50% report moderate–severe discomfort. Another option is the use of drugs such as tamoxifen 20 mg/day that lead to a significant decrease in the mammary effects. Conclusions: Gynecomastia and mastodynia, given their high incidence, make the physical examination a fundamental tool for all patients before initiating treatment with antiandrogens. The use of tamoxifen 20 mg/day is the best treatment and prevention option against gynecomastia and mastodynia, while in the case of long-course established gynecomastia, surgery is the gold standard

Treatment of gynecomastia in patients with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation.

CONTEXT: Gynecomastia, defined as benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue has a prevalence of 32% to 72% in the male. In the urology setting, it is associated to patients with prostate cancer and hormone treatment with a prevalence of 15% in the case of complete hormone blockage and 75% in monotherapy. The different options of treatment in prostate cancer have changed in recent decades. Thus, we have focused on this subject to evaluate the different therapy options of hormone manipulation induced gynecomastia in prostate cancer patients. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the available evidence on the different therapeutic options in prostate cancer patients who develop gynecomastia due to the use of nonsteroidal antiandrogens and to generate a diagnostic algorithm and treatment. ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE: Using the PICO type structured search strategy (Patient or problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome or result) in the data bases of PubMed-Medline and Cochrane, identification was made of the relevant studies related to the treatment of gynecomastia in Prostate Cancer patients treated with nonsteroidal antiandrogens. SYNTHESIS OF EVIDENCE: We have found 3 possible therapeutic options for the treatment of gynecomastia and mastodynia in patients with hormone deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. The 10Gy radiotherapy would be an option for the treatment of gynecomastia, although not all the patients need prophylactic treatment since only 50% report moderate-severe discomfort. Another option is the use of drugs such as tamoxifen 20mg/day that lead to a significant decrease in the mammary effects. CONCLUSIONS: Gynecomastia and mastodynia, given their high incidence, make the physical examination a fundamental tool for all patients before initiating treatment with antiandrogens. The use of tamoxifen 20mg/day is the best treatment and prevention option against gynecomastia and mastodynia, while in the case of long-course established gynecomastia, surgery is the gold standard.

Urodynamic assessment of bladder and urethral sphincter function before and after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Affectation of the bladder after open prostatectomy is demonstrated. Decrease in bladder capacity and bladder compliance, detrusor hyper-or hypo-activity and voiding dysfunction are observed. We propose to investigate the effects of robotic surgery on bladder and sphincter function through the comparative study of preoperative and postoperative urodynamic values 3 months after prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of 32 consecutive patients undergoing robotic prostatectomy. They all underwent urodynamic study one month before the intervention and 3 months after the radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: Twenty five percent of patients undergoing robotic prostatectomy showed detrusor hyperactivity accompanied by a decrease in bladder compliance of 30.2 to 21.8 ml/cmH2O. Urethral profile showed diminished functional length of 67 to 44 mm and decreased maximum urethral pressure of 48.5 to 29.3 cmH2O. After robotic prostatectomy 21.8% of patients had detrusor hypoactivity, obstruction decreased between 28.1% to 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased bladder compliance, detrusor hypo- or hyperactivity and obstruction improvement observed in the study of the flow pressure have been associated with sphincter involvement. It is part of the complex of lower urinary tract dysfunction that occurs after robotic prostatectomy.